Master Guide: Making Sentences (Phrasal Verbs & Idioms)

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Here is a “Master Guide” to Making Sentences with Phrasal Verbs and Idioms, specifically designed for SEBA Class 10 students, with clear explanations, meanings, and examples from past papers in both English and Assamese.

Master Guide: Making Sentences (Phrasal Verbs & Idioms)

(ইংৰাজী আৰু অসমীয়াত সম্পূৰ্ণ বুজনি)

Understanding the Core Concept (মূল ধাৰণাটো বুজা)

In English:

  • Phrasal Verb: A phrasal verb is a verb + preposition/adverb that creates a meaning different from the original verb. For example, give means to offer something, but give up means to quit.
  • Idiom: An idiom is a group of words whose meaning is not predictable from the usual meanings of its constituent words. For example, all in all means ‘considering everything’.

In Assamese:

  • Phrasal Verb (খণ্ড-বাক্য ক্ৰিয়া): Phrasal verb হ’ল এটা verb (ক্ৰিয়া) + preposition/adverb-ৰ সমষ্টি, যিয়ে মূল verb-টোৰ অৰ্থতকৈ এটা বেলেগ অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰে। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, give মানে কিবা এটা দিয়া, কিন্তু give up মানে পৰিত্যাগ কৰা।
  • Idiom (খণ্ড-বাক্য/জতুৱা ঠাঁচ): Idiom হ’ল এনে কিছুমান শব্দৰ সমষ্টি যাৰ অৰ্থ শব্দবোৰৰ সাধাৰণ অৰ্থৰ পৰা অনুমান কৰিব নোৱাৰি। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, all in all মানে ‘সকলো মিলি’ বা ‘সামগ্ৰিকভাৱে’।

The Golden Rule for the Exam (পৰীক্ষাৰ বাবে সোণালী নিয়ম):
Keep your sentence SIMPLE and CLEAR. Do not try to write a long, complicated sentence. The goal is to show the examiner that you understand the meaning. A short, correct sentence is better than a long, incorrect one.
(আপোনাৰ বাক্যটো সৰল আৰু স্পষ্ট ৰাখক। দীঘল আৰু জটিল বাক্য লিখিবলৈ চেষ্টা নকৰিব। আপুনি যে অৰ্থটো বুজি পাইছে, সেয়া পৰীক্ষকক দেখুওৱাটোহে মূল উদ্দেশ্য। এটা দীঘল, অশুদ্ধ বাক্যতকৈ এটা চুটি, শুদ্ধ বাক্যই ভাল।)

Common Phrasal Verbs from SEBA Past Papers (SEBA-ৰ বিগত প্ৰশ্ন কাকতৰ Phrasal Verbs)

Here are the phrasal verbs that appear most frequently in the exams, with their meanings and example sentences.

1. Give up (পৰিত্যাগ কৰা / এৰি দিয়া)

  • Meaning: to stop trying; to quit.
  • Example (HSLC 2016): You should not give up your studies. (তুমি তোমাৰ পঢ়া-শুনা এৰি দিব নালাগে।)
  • Another Example: Though the task was difficult, he did not give up. (কামটো কঠিন হোৱা সত্ত্বেও, তেওঁ হাৰ মনা নাছিল।)

2. Look for (বিচৰা)

  • Meaning: to search for someone or something.
  • Example: What are you looking for in the dark? (অন্ধাৰত তুমি কি বিচাৰি আছা?)
  • Another Example: The police are looking for the thief. (আৰক্ষীয়ে চোৰটোক বিচাৰি আছে।)

3. Look after (যতন লোৱা / চোৱা-চিতা কৰা)

  • Meaning: to take care of someone or something.
  • Example (HSLC 2021): There is nobody to look after the old man. (বৃদ্ধ মানুহজনক চোৱা-চিতা কৰিবলৈ কোনো নাই।)
  • Another Example: She has to look after her younger brother. (তাই নিজৰ সৰু ভায়েকৰ যতন ল’ব লাগে।)

4. Bring up (লালন-পালন কৰা / ডাঙৰ-দীঘল কৰা)

  • Meaning: to raise a child.
  • Example: The orphan was brought up by his grandmother. (অনাথ ল’ৰাটোক তাৰ আইতাকে ডাঙৰ-দীঘল কৰিছিল।)
  • Another Example: It is not easy to bring up a child these days. (আজিকালি সন্তানক লালন-পালন কৰা সহজ নহয়।)

5. Put out (নুমুওৱা)

  • Meaning: to extinguish a fire, candle, or light.
  • Example (HSLC 2017): Please put out the lamp when you go to sleep. (শুবলৈ যাওঁতে অনুগ্ৰহ কৰি চাকিটো নুমুৱাই দিবা।)
  • Another Example: The firefighters worked hard to put out the fire. (অগ্নিনিৰ্বাপক বাহিনীয়ে জুই নুমুৱাবলৈ বহু কষ্ট কৰিছিল।)

6. Carry out (পালন কৰা / সম্পন্ন কৰা)

  • Meaning: to perform or complete a task or instruction.
  • Example (HSLC 2018): A good student always carries out the orders of his teachers. (এজন ভাল ছাত্রই সদায় শিক্ষকৰ আদেশ পালন কৰে।)
  • Another Example: The soldiers must carry out the commands of the general. (সৈনিকসকলে জেনেৰেলৰ নিৰ্দেশ পালন কৰিবই লাগিব।)

7. Make out (বুজি পোৱা)

  • Meaning: to understand or see something with difficulty.
  • Example (HSLC 2020): His handwriting is so bad that I cannot make out anything. (তেওঁৰ হাতৰ আখৰ ইমান বেয়া যে মই একোৱেই বুজি নাপাওঁ।)
  • Another Example: It was too dark to make out the number on the car. (গাড়ীখনৰ নম্বৰটো বুজিবলৈ ইমান আন্ধাৰ আছিল।)

8. Deal in (ব্যৱসায় কৰা)

  • Meaning: to buy and sell a particular product.
  • Example (HSLC 2018): His father deals in sugar. (তেওঁৰ দেউতাকে চেনিৰ ব্যৱসায় কৰে।)
  • Another Example: The company deals in computer hardware. (কোম্পানীটোৱে কম্পিউটাৰ হাৰ্ডৱেৰৰ ব্যৱসায় কৰে।)

9. Break out (হঠাৎ আৰম্ভ হোৱা / বিয়পি পৰা)

  • Meaning: to start suddenly (used for wars, fires, diseases).
  • Example (HSLC 2019): The Second World War broke out in 1939. (দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ ১৯৩৯ চনত আৰম্ভ হৈছিল।)
  • Another Example: Cholera has broken out in the village. (গাঁৱত কলেৰা ৰোগ বিয়পি পৰিছে।)

10. Run over (গাড়ীয়ে খুন্দিওৱা)

  • Meaning: to be hit by a vehicle.
  • Example (HSLC 2018): The old man was run over by a bus. (বৃদ্ধ মানুহজনক এখন বাছে খুন্দিয়াইছিল।)
  • Another Example: Be careful while crossing the road, or a car might run you over. (ৰাস্তা পাৰ হওঁতে সাৱধান হ’বা, নহ’লে গাড়ীয়ে খুন্দিয়াব পাৰে।)

Common Idioms from SEBA Past Papers (SEBA-ৰ বিগত প্ৰশ্ন কাকতৰ Idioms)

1. All in all (সামগ্ৰিকভাৱে / সকলো মিলি)

  • Meaning: considering everything; on the whole.
  • Example (HSLC 2015): All in all, it was a successful trip. (সামগ্ৰিকভাৱে, যাত্ৰাটো সফল আছিল।)

2. Now and then (মাজে-সময়ে)

  • Meaning: occasionally; sometimes.
  • Example (HSLC 2015): I like to visit my village now and then. (মই মাজে-সময়ে মোৰ গাঁৱলৈ যাবলৈ ভাল পাওঁ।)

3. At large (স্বাধীনভাৱে / মুকলিমূৰীয়াকৈ থকা)

  • Meaning: free; not captured (usually for a criminal).
  • Example (HSLC 2015): The thief who escaped from prison is still at large. (জেলৰ পৰা পলাই যোৱা চোৰটো এতিয়াও মুকলিকৈ আছে।)

4. In order to (উদ্দেশ্যে / বাবে)

  • Meaning: with the purpose of doing something.
  • Example (HSLC 2018): He worked hard in order to succeed in life. (তেওঁ জীৱনত সফল হোৱাৰ উদ্দেশ্যে কঠোৰ পৰিশ্ৰম কৰিছিল।)

5. Far and wide (চৌদিশে / চাৰিওফালে)

  • Meaning: over a large area.
  • Example (HSLC 2019): His fame spread far and wide. (তেওঁৰ খ্যাতি চৌদিশে বিয়পি পৰিছিল।)

By practicing these specific examples that have already appeared in exams, you will be very well-prepared for this section. Remember to keep your sentences simple and directly related to the meaning.

50 Important Sentences with Phrasal Verbs & Idioms from SEBA Past Papers (2015-2025)

Phrasal Verbs (খণ্ড-বাক্য ক্ৰিয়া)

Look after (যতন লোৱা) – (HSLC 2021)

  1. She has to look after her sick mother.
  2. There is no one to look after the old house.
  3. A nurse was appointed to look after the patient.
  4. We should look after our parents in their old age.
  5. Can you look after my bag for a minute?

Give up (পৰিত্যাগ কৰা) – (HSLC 2016)

  1. The doctor advised him to give up smoking.
  2. Never give up hope, even when you fail.
  3. After a long fight, the enemy finally decided to give up.
  4. He had to give up his studies due to poverty.
  5. My father will never give up his old habits.

Look for (বিচৰা) – (HSLC 2016)

  1. The police are looking for the escaped prisoner.
  2. I am looking for my lost watch.
  3. What are you looking for under the table?
  4. She moved to the city to look for a new job.
  5. He was looking for an opportunity to prove his talent.

Bring up (লালন-পালন কৰা) – (HSLC 2021)

  1. The child was brought up by his aunt.
  2. It is a difficult task to bring up children properly.
  3. She was brought up in a small village.
  4. Parents work hard to bring up their children.
  5. He was brought up to respect his elders.

Put out (নুমুওৱা) – (HSLC 2017)

  1. Please put out the fire before you leave.
  2. The firefighters managed to put out the blaze after two hours.
  3. He put out the candle with a single blow.
  4. Remember to put out the lights when you leave the room.
  5. It took a long time to put out the forest fire.

Carry out (পালন কৰা / সম্পন্ন কৰা) – (HSLC 2018)

  1. The soldiers must carry out their orders without question.
  2. A good student should always carry out the teacher’s instructions.
  3. The scientist will carry out an experiment in the lab.
  4. The committee was formed to carry out the relief work.
  5. He failed to carry out his duties properly.

Deal in (ব্যৱসায় কৰা) – (HSLC 2018)

  1. His father deals in rice and sugar.
  2. That shopkeeper deals in rare books.
  3. My uncle deals in electronic goods.
  4. It is not legal to deal in banned products.
  5. The company deals in textiles.

Break out (হঠাৎ আৰম্ভ হোৱা) – (HSLC 2019)

  1. The First World War broke out in 1914.
  2. A fire broke out in the market last night.
  3. An epidemic of cholera broke out in the village.
  4. A riot broke out after the football match.
  5. He was in Mumbai when the war broke out.

Fall out (কাজিয়া কৰা) – (HSLC 2019)

  1. The two friends fell out over a small issue.
  2. You should not fall out with your neighbours.
  3. The brothers fell out over their ancestral property.

Idioms (জতুৱা ঠাঁচ)

In order to (উদ্দেশ্যে / বাবে) – (HSLC 2018)

  1. We must work hard in order to achieve success.
  2. He went to Delhi in order to get better medical treatment.

All in all (সামগ্ৰিকভাৱে) – (HSLC 2015)

  1. All in all, the school function was a great success.
  2. There were a few problems, but all in all, it was a good journey.

Now and then (মাজে-সময়ে) – (HSLC 2015)

  1. I like to visit my grandparents now and then.
  2. He goes to the cinema only now and then.

At large (স্বাধীনভাৱে / মুকলিমূৰীয়াকৈ থকা) – (HSLC 2015)

  1. The criminal who escaped from jail is still at large.

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